Caveat Emptor Is this common Law Maxim undermined Essay

Admonition Emptor Is this customary Law Maxim subverted - Essay Example This demonstration is notwithstanding the current law and likewise a customer as a rule has a cure either in contract or in the tort of carelessness (Slack 1997). The term Caveat emptor suggests that let the purchaser be careful. It is a custom-based law deal idea that opens the purchaser to the hazard intrinsic in an exchange. Despite the fact that it includes the rule of opportunity to contract, by the by suggested guarantees with regards to offer of merchandise are inert in it (Rossini 1998) The Sale of Goods Act 1893 was revised by a few bits of enactment, a portion of these are the Sale and Supply of Goods Act 1994, the Misrepresentation Act 1967, the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 and the Consumer Protection Act 1987 (Jones and Benson 2003). This demonstration was the primary bit of enactment that gave assurance to the purchaser. As of late there had been a spate of enactments, whose object was to improve the security that had been made accessible to buyers. A few occurrences of such acts are the Misrepresentation Act 1967, the altered Sale of Goods Act (Sale and Supply of Goods Act 1994 and the Sale of Goods (Amendment) Act 1994) and the Unfair Terms Regulations (S.I 1994/3159. Uncalled for Terms Regulations in Consumer Contract Regulations 1994). Thusly the admonition emptor regulation has been dynamically subverted and subbed by the precept of proviso venditor or let the dealer be careful. The prominent legitimate light Atiyah opined that the fundamental standard of law was one of admonition venditor as opposed to one of proviso emptor (Atiyah and Adams 1995). Likewise, the European Union as a victor of the privileges of the buyer has intended to acquaint enactment that would present with offer further insurance on the privileges of buyers. The Directive on the Sale of Consumer Goods and Associated Guarantees is a significant advance toward this path (EUROPA 2006). There has been a stamped hesitance with respect to legal arrangement to meddle with contracts between parties having equivalent dealing power. The Unfair Contract Terms Act endeavors to stifle the prohibition and impediment provisions that happen in purchaser agreements and agreements that depend on one of the getting equalities' standard terms (Unfair Contract Terms Act (as revised on the first of October, 2003) 1977). The above demonstration is inapplicable to business contracts when all is said in done. In Photo Productions Limited v Securicor the House of Lords allowed Securicor to maintain a strategic distance from obligation for the demonstrations of one of its representatives (Photo Production Ltd v Securicor Transport Ltd 1980). On account of Slater and others v Finning Ltd, the House of Lords held that if an item fizzled for the explanation that it had been utilized for a reason other than that it had been intended for then the merchant was pardoned of any risk for such disappointment (Slater v Finning Ltd 1996). This was like the choice in Griffths v Peter Conway Ltd, in which the purchaser had hidden from the dealer with respect to what use was to be made of the products (Griffths v Peter Conway Ltd 1939). This demonstrates unmistakably that there has been an inclination for admonition venditor with regards to the suggested state of appropriateness in business law. The legitimate results of the standard of admonition emptor require the purchasers to attempt

You have chosen to return to college to finish your degree. Describe Essay

You have decided to come back to school to complete your degree. Depict reasons why you settled on this choice and convince a companion to do likewise - Essay Example In the principal decade of the 21st century the United States lost 5.8 million assembling positions (Americanmanufacturing, 2011). The occupations accessible in the US commercial center have moved into the information and administration economy. So as to contend in the new position commercial center it is basic to get proper training at a licensed school or college. Without a higher education the main occupations that are accessible are the lowest pay permitted by law employments and even those are getting scarcer and organizations are weakening those occupations by offering low maintenance rather than all day work. The joblessness rate in the United States has gone up during the most recent couple of years. The joblessness in the United States in July 2011 was 9.1% (Bls, 2011). Because of the way that more individuals are jobless the degree of rivalry was gone up and individuals that have better qualifications are landing the positions in the commercial center. The most significant instructive certification bosses look for in newcomers is an advanced degree. I have understood that the main path for me to find a decent line of work is to return to class to gain a degree. An advanced degree expands a person’s opportunities to find a new line of work and the activity acquired will have higher wages. An individual with a bachelor’s certificate will win an extra $0.9 million over their lifetime in contrast with a secondary school graduate; while individuals with a master’s qualification will gain $1.3 in excess of a secondary school recognition and $0.4 million more than a bache lor’s qualification (Longley, 2011). The past limitations that occasionally hurt the capacity of grown-ups to get an advanced degree do not make a difference anymore. For example a working grown-up once in a while had the reason that he was unable to return to school as a result of business commitments. Time used to be a variable that hurt a great deal of working grown-ups. Because of advances in innovation there are arrangements accessible for working grown-ups. Online colleges, for example, the

International Political Economy (Choose Any One From The List.) Essay

International Political Economy (Choose Any One From The List.) Essay International Political Economy (Choose Any One From The List.) â€" Essay Example > What is globalisation? Globalisation, although only recently popular, is not a new concept. Most people do not understand what globalisation is and it is approached as if it’s a taboo subject, almost entirely out of humanities control. However, globalisation has been around for centuries at best and life as we know it today is a result of changes that have occurred over an extremely long period of time. Classifying globalisation itself is not an easy task because the term is used in relation and correlation with a myriad of processes. Most people take the idea of globalisation to mean the spreading similarities amongst nations; the concept does not just adhere to this alone though. In its most basic form globalisation can refer to a process whereby similar events take place in more than one part of the world simultaneously. These events are not mere coincidences but are connected to one another and there is a consistent spread and increase in the number of connections between †œdiscrete national entities, ” (Stalker, 2000:2). This definition however, points more towards internationalization and in a strict sense globalisation transcends simple connections. There is not a doubt that the process stated above denotes the characteristics of globalisation, the missing link here is the fact that it’s one step ahead of internationalization i. e. it doesn’t just consist of countries connection at a level whereby events occur simultaneously, it literally consists of a plane at which “discrete national entities are themselves dissolving so that all major political and economic decisions will ultimately be transmitted globally, ” (Stalker, 2000:2). This is a supposed new world that has taken centuries to construct. It has resulted in the literal death of geography and has made impossible the existence of a stand alone state. No country can survive without interaction with other countries at this point and time. A century ago this kind of a world could no t have been imagined; the heights that have been achieved could not have been envisioned. The best example of this is China; it was a closed economy that kept itself locked from the world markets for most part in the former years. But if you look at it now, china is everywhere. You can buy anything from toasters to Chinese clothes. The communist country had resolved to keep itself shut off from the outside world but even with strict censorships and control it is now taking its place amongst the world heavy weights, and it’s here to stay. It wouldn’t be a stretch to say that if the Chinese economy was to collapse right now, the world market would suffer another crisis because almost every major market in the world is affected by the Chinese market which has become one of the main world suppliers in almost everything that can be bought or sold (Scholte, 2000). The effects of globalisation can be seen all over the world from people listening to hip hop music in Japan to Americans serving Indian samosas with coffee. Cultures have been traded along with norms, values and beliefs all over the world. It isn’t just about the world markets; the world itself has mixed within itself.

The Lack Of Female Education Contraception - 891 Words

The possibility that a young woman does not wish to have children or does not feel ready upon marriage is essentially ignored in most developing nations. Should a woman wish to postpone childbearing, she may encounter difficulties finding contraceptive methods. â€Å"The most commonly reported reasons for unmet need [for contraception] are lack of knowledge, health concerns, and social disapproval† (Casterline Sinding, 2000 as cited in Levine et al., 2006). The lack of female education about contraception in countries where it would be of greatest aid is a major indicator of why maternal mortality is still such a prevalent issue. In American, â€Å"woman have to get prescriptions for contraceptives from their health care providers†, and there is a multitude of information available to women who wish to use contraception (Hansman, 2014). Many women in poor areas of developing nations do not have regular access to health care providers, resulting in both lack of inf ormation and materials to implement family planning practices. Contraception in general is a delicate matter due to the stigma attached in societies where high fertility is culturally valued. Reactions from â€Å"government policy [or] the way a husband might perceive his wife’s use of birth control† can be deterrents for a woman to abandon her own desires to refrain from pregnancy (Hansman, 2014). It can be argued that even if proper contraceptive methods were provided to women in developing nations, the actual usage isShow MoreRelatedLow Income Black And Hispanic Adolescent Females Essay1532 Words   |  7 Pagesand Hispanic adolescent females you may ask? They are at higher risk, than other ethnicities, for acquiring an STD and/or experiencing an unplanned pregnancy. Increased utilization of dual contraception is of great importance in these communities. 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TraditionalRead MoreSexual Activity Among Teens835 Words   |  4 PagesHow does environmental factors, sex education, etc; lead to ; lead to sexual activity which can cause pregnancy and the spread of sexually transmitted diseases. Female teenagers in 1995 had first sexual intercourse at a younger age than in 1988. Females who have had their first sexual experience before age 15 was at 19% up 8% from 1988. about 35% of first sexual intercourse experience takes place without the use of any contraception mainly because females say their first time is usually spontaneousRead MoreThe Prevention Of Teenage Pregnancy Essay1513 Words   |  7 PagesAn issue that is currently plaguing American teenagers today is the access to different types of contraception. This lack of access can lead to higher rates of teenage pregnancy and an increase in sexually transmitted diseases among teenagers. 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According to the CDC, in 2015, there were 229,715 babies born to adolescent females ages between 15-19, or a total of 22.3 live births per 1,000 in this age group in the United States; almost 89% of these births were from unmarried mothers (Centers for Disease ControlRead MoreThe Determinants of Teenage Pregnancy Using the Seedhouse Grid Diagram (1986).2460 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction The main determinant of teenage pregnancy is commonly seen to be poor or lack of sexual education, but this essay will outline and explore further options such as social and economic issues including the involvement of education via both schooling and the media on sexual attitudes influencing adolescent sexual behaviour. Pregnancy amongst adolescents is common around the world; however different cultures and different geographical regions have various explanations for teenage pregnancyRead MoreDiscuss the causes of high rates of population growth1504 Words   |  7 Pagesgrowth. Religion plays a large part in the rate of population increase as it affects birth rates with its views on contraception and abortion. Islam and Roman Catholicism are absolutely opposed to the use of contraception, as followers believe that sex is purely for procreation. In nations that are strongly influenced by religions with views such as these, the lack of use of contraception means that birth rates are high and therefore the rate of population increase follows suit. In more developed areasRead MoreThe Importance Of Sexual Education In Iran747 Words   |  3 Pagesof reproductive and health-related education and resources available to women, the result of which are issues such as high rates HIV/AIDS, and the continuation of harmful practices such as female genital mutilation. Sexual education in Iran is considered a taboo topic, and when it is discussed, it is often biased, heteronormative, and male-pleasure centered. The lack of information about sexual health, including about sexually transmitted diseases, contraception, and more, has contributed to problemsRead MoreUnintended Pregnancy Among Adolescents : An Important Health Challenge1224 Words   |  5 Pagespregnancy that is unwanted or mistimed for any reason. Among the adolescent populations, more than 4 out of 5 pregnancies were reported as unintended (Finer, 2010). The high percentage of unintended pregnancies in adolescent females involve improper maintenance or lack of education. Approximately half of unintended pregnancies are due to contraceptive failure, largely owing to inconsistent or incorrect use (Winner, Peipert, Zhao, Buckel, Madden, 2012). An adolescent mother who conceives an unintendedRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy Is A Public Health Issue1637 Words   |  7 PagesTeenage birth rates, defined as live births per one thousand 15-19-year-old US females, declined by 10% from 2012 to 2013 from 29.4 to 26.5. In fact, the birth rate has been on a steady decline over the past 20 years, from 61.8 in 1991 to 26.5 in 2013. Teenage pregnancy represents both a health and social inequality in our society. Specifically, teenage childbearing is a public health issue because teenage mothers are more likely to experience negative social outcomes such as dropping out of school

Personal Narrative Reflection Paper - 1813 Words

This class has shaped the way I view education in a positive and drastic way. I had previously taken this course online as well and my end result was a low grade but that was because I did not put in the effort and I failed to read the on course text. I chose to repeat this class to raise my GPA and to get a higher education by learning how to be a better student and person. I did not think much of this class because I found it kind of boring to read about managing my life and I thought I already knew how to do that in all honesty. I was proven wrong and I decided to put in the effort and was amazed by my results from the start of this class, to how drasticly they changed towards the end of this class, I feel like a new discovered person†¦show more content†¦In other words, my communication style allows me to be responsible and I am someone others can trust with anything. In the future I will be able to let others know how I learn and communicate best in order to build stron g relationships with my family, friends and coworkers as I realize just how important communicating is. The learning styles unit had us taking multiple different evaluations and the class used the textbook and two online inventories that determined my learning style. My results showed that learn by thinking, doing, logical and I also have a multimodal learning preference. I have noticed that when I learn a new subject I often times learn many ways by taking notes, listening and looking at pictures or examples. I have to analyze everything and read directions over and over again to get the hang of it and it sometimes makes me a slow learned but when I take my time and go at my own pace, I notice that I get the job very well done and people appreciate that. This is the first time I have ever received a good grade and that’s because I tools like my learning style to help me and I am determined to be the best student I can be for the fall semester. I am excited to use my learning style in class and watch as I get a good grade on my test. Setting goals and achieving them in this course was very helpful and believable for me and my goals were health related and education related. The goal that IShow MoreRelatedPersonal Narrative Reflection Paper1234 Words   |  5 Pagesrelated crises (AKA the millions of times I left papers till the last minute), my time belonged to the first years. When I took the job, I knew that was the commitment I was making. And honestly, I loved the job. I loved it so much that I’m doing it again my third year, but as a full-blown RA this time. There was also only a few times that my top two priorities conflicted together, such as a frosh (first year) wanting to vent to someone, but I had a paper due in an hour. 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I have heard many testimonies telling about their struggles and how they have overcome them. Although, I may feel as though I do not have an elaborate or super life-changing story - I realize I have my ownRead MoreStructure of Personal Narrative797 Words   |  4 PagesCLRC Writing Center Structure of a Personal Narrative Essay â€Å"Narrative† is a term more commonly known as â€Å"story.† Narratives written for college or personal narratives, tell a story, usually to some point, to illustrate some truth or insight. Following are some tools to help you structure your personal narrative, breaking it down into parts. The â€Å"Hook† Start your paper with a statement about your story that catches the reader’s attention, for example: a relevant quotation, question, factRead MoreEng 225 Week 5 Film Critique Final Paper836 Words   |  4 PagesENG 225 Week 5 Film Critique Final Paper Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwcampus.com/shop/eng-225/eng-225-week-5-film-critique-final-paper/ Or Visit www.hwcampus.com ENG 225 Week 5 Film Critique Final Paper Focus of the Final Film Critique Throughout this course, you have been compiling a blog and writing essays that analyze various elements of film such as theme, cinematic techniques, and genre. 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Throughout the semester with the assigned reading assignments and the given practical writing exercises I have come to grasp a vague understanding, I had never been taught how to write essays correctly. I am the product of Clark County Educational system. I have always struggled through my last classes and hoped to get out of my struggles this semester. One the greatest challenges thatRead More`` Twilight Zone Of The Digital Age ``1032 Words   |  5 PagesA block feature that reduces an individual’s presence to the crystallized static of no-signal white noise; an electronic chip implant that records all visual and auditory experiences and replays personal memories on screen; a digital copy of one’s consciousness configured by code; and an app that assembles the internet personas of the dead in order to recreate them—these are some of the futuristic devices portrayed in the hit British television series Black Mirror. 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Gender culture and ethnicity Free Essays

The understanding of the terms gender, ethnicity, and culture and their influence on the family is the core factor in this paper. These terms have diverse definitions though the understanding is basically the same. This is because the terms are applied differently in different social set-ups. We will write a custom essay sample on Gender culture and ethnicity or any similar topic only for you Order Now Culture can refer to the common beliefs, values, symbols and meanings, passed on from one generation to another in time. Ethnicity would refer to a common ancestral linage, sense of belonging, and is a major factor in the determination of identity through which communities evolve and develop common value systems and. Gender, as a term has two components mainly role and identity it is the characteristics that society and individuals attach to males or females. Gender identity is the private sense of being masculine or feminine. While gender roles are the prescribed expectations of society towards men or women. Table of contents Abstract 2 Introduction 4 Understanding of gender, culture, and ethnicity 5 Family rituals, traditions, and transitions 7 Conclusion 9 Reference †¦10. Introduction The combined roles of gender, ethnicity, and culture have an important impact in any family set-up. While gender identity is a private perception of being masculine of feminine the expectations of society is what mainly determines an individual’s perception of the same (McGoldrick et al 1996). Although the roles of gender are dictated by the greater society transitions in families and exposure can bring a shift from the norm. While culture would refer to the common beliefs, values, symbols and meanings, passed on from one generation to another in time (Goldenburg Goldenburg, 2000), this is always subject to change as value systems are dynamic and are influenced by outside factors such as education and to a large extent globalization and its effects on individuals. While ethnicity would refer to a common ancestral linage and sense of belonging (McGoldrick et al,1996), it does not change what changes is its influence in the individual’s interpersonal relationships as other factors come into play. These factors are mainly exposure and education. Understanding of gender, culture, and ethnicity A three-generation family genogram. Legend Examples of gender roles in my family of origin. The gender roles in my family of origin were not quite clearly spelt out. This is because as society in Chile would demand the men were the family bread winners, and they carried the family’s vision. However, we were brought up from a tender age by our mother almost single handedly. The reason being my father had an alcoholic problem which led into a troubled marriage ending in divorce. My mother had to work to bring us up. The preservation of family traditions is the prerogative of the man and this was done by our paternal grandfather. Now that he is quite old, family traditions are no longer adhered to unlike the case in the past. People of different race or ethnic orientation, were not welcome in our family. The major reason being the older generation was not accommodating to them. The feeling among the family was the people of different race or ethnicity were second class citizens. The roles of men and women were not clear since in my family my father was absent and my mother performed the roles that society regarded as masculine such as working to raise the family. Women were normally expected to stay at home as housewives taking care of the children and day-day household chores. An outsider is any person who does not belong into our family ancestral blood-line or assimilated into the family by way of marriage. These were treated with suspicion and at times contempt. Whereas an insider is that person born into the blood-line or married into the family line, and were treated with respect. These messages have broadened my view of interpersonal relationships. Biases, prejudices, and stereotypes. Biases, prejudices, and stereotypes learnt: I came to look down upon domestic servants as a low class people. This is basically from the stereotyping in our society, since these jobs were mainly for the uneducated and were lowly paid. People of different color or ethnicity were seen as second class and were marginalized in every sphere of life including the job market. Education in our family was seen as the only means to getting acceptable standards of living. Family rituals, traditions, and transitions Rituals in my family. Saying prayers every day before dinner was a ritual our family grew up with. This occurred because my mother was a strong religious woman who instilled moral and religious values in us. She was a strong Catholic woman and prayers were the family cornerstone. Since my paternal grandparents are still alive and are the stronger side of our family, the entire family as well as the extended family needs to congregate at our grandparents’ home for holidays like Christmas. This will bring our father back into the family as we spend time together and reflect on the events of our lives as a family in the past year. It will help all the family appreciate each other and provide room for change where necessary. In developing a ritual for a family one has to first understand the daily or calendar routine of the family. A family ritual assists the family to develop close bonding. Spending good quality time together especially at the dinner table is one ritual that would serve this purpose. At this time the family members would reflect on the events of the day and issues that arise can be discussed at this time. Dinner needs to be served at a time convenient to all members of the family. This will assist the family to grow as a close knit unit where each family member is responsible for the general well being of the family as a whole. A tradition in my family. As we grew up one tradition was to visit our paternal grandparents every holiday. We would spend time with them at the beach over the summer holidays for as long as two months. They were a loving couple and very close to their family. The time we would spend with them helped me as I grew to appreciate family bonding as I felt the love and warmth they gave to all of us. This affected me directly because I did not see the same love and affection between my own parents. My parents were divorced after a troubled marriage, since my father was an alcoholic. The time spent with our grandparents made me appreciate the institution of marriage as a life-long commitment. Transition in my family. One major transition in our family was my father’s alcoholic problem. Alcoholism destroyed our family structure in that my parents got divorced when we were young children and we were brought up by our mother almost single-handedly. In my country Chile, men were the bread winners and household heads while women were basically housewives. This was however not the case in our family. Our family was a woman-headed household. It was my mother who instilled religious and moral values in us. She was the one who carried the family burden although our father would help us occasionally. A tradition in my family that needs to be changed. A tradition that needs to be changed in our family is that of employing maids, chauffeurs and all sorts of servants. As much as this helps in the growth of the national economy in terms of employment, at the family level it drains family resources and also encourages a dependency syndrome in the children. This is because they grow up seeing other people do things for them, and therefore lack a sense of responsibility. It does not help in molding children into responsible adults. This tradition needs to be changed and families should only employ a minimal number of servants leaving the children and young adults with some responsibilities to take care of. This would help our family in that the men would grow up dealing with their responsibilities as society demands and not leave their households to be headed by their wives. The women will grow to be strong women like our mother being able to provide for their families even when the men neglect responsibilities. Conclusion In conclusion, the influence of gender, culture and ethnicity has greatly molded my family. Gender, culture and ethnicity need to be understood in a modern sense since they are the major sources of stereotyping. The influence of exposure and education is what has positively impacted on the families inter personal relationships. References Goldeburg, I. , Goldenburg, H. (2000). Family therapy 5th ed. Australia: Brooks/Cole McGoldrick, M. , Giordano, J. , Pearce, J. (1996). Ethnicity and family therapy. New York. Guilford How to cite Gender culture and ethnicity, Papers

Relationship Between Attitudes And Job Satisfaction Of Employees

Question: Discuss about the Analyse The Relationship Between Attitudes And Job Satisfaction Of Employees. Answer: Introduction The attitudes and job satisfaction of employees have a substantial influence on the organisational behaviour and performance of a company. An attitude is defined as a state of mind. It referred as how an individual examines and think about situations which result in determining a persons behaviour (Truitt, 2011). In a company, employees can either have a positive or negative attitude which affects the performance of such enterprise. There are different ways of defining job satisfaction of employees in a firm. Aziri (2011) provided that job satisfaction is a positive feeling towards a persons job which encourages them to perform better at their job. Positive job satisfaction motivates employees to improve their performance, and they work towards achieving common organisational objectives. Motivation at work is defined as employees level of commitment, creativity and energy that bring them while performing their jobs. It is the reason for individuals desires, needs and actions. Manager s focus on implementing effective motivational theories in the firm in order to improve employee job satisfaction and improving overall firms performance (Lazaroiu, 2015). Organisational behaviour is defined as a study of human behaviour in an organisational setting. It focuses on studying both individuals and group performance and their activities within a working environment which assist managers in implementing appropriate strategic policies for achieving organisational goals. The aim of this report is to appraise and evaluate the impact of attitudes and job satisfaction on employees motivation at work. This report will evaluate the importance of motivation in the workplace and how managers can use effective motivational theories to improve the performance of employees. A variety of theories and model will be discussed in the report along with examples of different organisations. Further, the report will examine how organisational behaviour theories assist in understanding employ ees behaviour at work and its limitations. Importance of Attitudes and Job Satisfaction The attitudes of employees in an organisation play a crucial role in enhancing the performance of a firm. Furthermore, job satisfaction is another factor which has a significant impact on the performance of an enterprise. Managers focus on studying these topics since they provide crucial information which assists them in strategic planning. The top-levelmanagement can improve the performance of the company and its employees by positively influencing their behaviour (Avey, et al., 2011). Employees with a positive attitude are more likely to perform better at their job, whereas, negative attitude resulted in employee poor performance, absenteeism, corporate disputes, resistance, and others. The working environment and culture of an enterprise are also affected by the behaviour of its employees. Negative employees also adversely affect the behaviour of other employees and resulted in reducing their performance. It is necessary that senior-level executives understand the job satisfaction and attitude of employees in order to implement appropriate policies for positively affecting their productivity. In todays competitive business world, organisations focus on generating a competitive advantage by improving their working culture to positively influence employees attitudes (Bushra, Ahmad and Naveed, 2011). However, it is becoming difficult for managers to establish a positive working environment as the demand for skilled labour increases. Millennial and Generation Z employees did not prefer to work for a single company which makes it difficult for executives to retain them in the corporation. HR professionals are facing new challenges relating to attitudes and job performance, and they are required to implement strategic policies for addressing such issues. There are three crucial components of employee attitude which are represented in the ABC model of attitudes which provides that A stands for Affective, B for behavioural and C for cognitive. The study of these components is vital since it provides necessary information to top-level executives that assist them in implementing effective strategic policies that resulted in improving business processes. Employees have different types of attitude at the workplace such as job involvement, job satisfaction, engagement of workers, organisational commitment, perceived support for the firm and others (Voon, et al., 2011). These attitudes can be influenced by implementing different theory by senior level executives. The theories of attitude and behaviour of employees include Reinforcement theory, Social Cognitive theory, Single and Double Loop Learning theory and others. The Reinforcement theory focuses on reinforcing the behaviour of employees. It provides that if the behaviour of employees is not reinforced, then he/she will continue to act in a similar manner (Weiner, 2010). However, before implementing these strategies, it is necessary that HR managers assess the culture in the workplace and implement the strategy which is most suitable for the firm. It is difficult to achieve effectiveness in policies which are implemented without proper evaluation of the workplace culture. Key Theories/Models The Single and Double Loop Learning theory focuses on understanding how people learn within organisations. Single loop learning defines the ability to use feedback from employees to make continuous adaptations and adjustments to the performance of an enterprise. Double loop learning is referred as the ability to redefine and challenge the assumptions in order to improve performance and factors underlying performance standards of workers (Clow, 2012). Social Cognitive theory focuses on learning by observing actions of others and replicating their behaviours. These theories assist managers in understanding the attitude and behaviour of employees. In order to improve their job satisfaction, senior levelmanagement implements different motivational theories that motivate employees to improve their performance and achieve common organisational objectives (Bandura, 2011). There are a number of motivational theories that can be implemented by senior levelmanagement for motivating employees i n order to improve their performance. For example, Herzbergs Motivation-Hygiene theory is one of the most popular motivational theory which assistsmanagement in assessing needs of employees and fulfilling them in order to improve their performance. Frederick Herzberg gave the theory in 1959, which provided that there are different job factors which resulted in satisfaction and other factors that prevent dissatisfaction. He classified the job factors into two categories: Hygiene factors and Motivational factors. Hygiene factors did not lead to job satisfaction of employees, but absence of these factors resulted in dissatisfaction of employees (Smith and Shields, 2013). Hygiene factors include elements such as company policies, salary package, physical working conditions, job security, fringe benefits, interpersonal relations and others. Motivational factors include elements such as recognition, promotional opportunities, sense of achievement, meaningfulness of the work, responsibility and others (Stello, 2011). Senior-level executives can use these factors to influence the performance of employees. However, this theory is not conclusive, and it is better for employees with white collar jobs such as engineers and lawyer. Whereas, small and medium level employees are more likely to get satisfied by increasing in wage or issue of bonuses. Also, this theory emphasised job enrichment more than job satisfaction, and it did not pay much attention to monetary benefits and how companies can use them to motivate their employees. For example, Google Incorporation uses this theory to encourage its employees to improve their performance. The firm focuses on proving a number of hygiene factors to its employees such as high salary package, free learning classes, free food, long maternity leaves, time to work on personal projects, flexible working hours, and many others (Battelle, 2011). These factors attract talented employees from worldwide to Google, and it also improves its retention rates. Importance of Motivation Motivation is a vital element which encourages employees to improve their performance and achieve common organisational goals. The top-level executives implement different motivational theories to improve the productivity of employees. Effective knowledge regarding the attitude and job satisfaction is necessary since it hinders the motivation of workers (Yusoff, Kain and Idris, 2013). For example, managers are required to assess employees requirements and fulfil them in order to motivate them and improve their performance. However, simply providing monetary benefits to employees does not solve the issue of lack of motivation in the workplace. It is necessary the HR executives give importance to job satisfaction and job enrichment to change the attitudes of workers. For example, Maslow Hierarchy of Needs theory provides that in order to motivate an employee, senior level management is required to fulfil his/her needs. Maslow categorised human needs into five categories which include p hysiological, safety, belonging, esteem and self-actualisation (Figure 1) (Cao, et al., 2013). Managers are required to determine the needs of specific employees and fulfil them in order to motivate and improve their performance. However, Denning (2012) argued that in modern society, it is not correct to categories needs into hierarchical order. With the advancement of technology, social connection between people has grown with the advancement of technology and rather than hierarchical, employees focus on collaboration. Rutledge (2011) stated that needs of people are not hierarchical and they need to be rewired as per social media (Figure 2). Maslow did not give importance to social dependency and collaboration which are viewed as basic requirements for human survival. However, Maslow hierarchy of needs model is substantially popular and used by a large number of organisations. Along with attitudes of employees, job satisfaction also hinders the motivation of workers since employees who are not satisfied with their jobs are more likely to avoid organisational policies, resist change and create a negative working environment. Motivation requires that employees must feel like a part of an organisation and they should be welcomed in the firm (Elias, Smith and Barney, 2012). Effective and positive human interactions and relationship are crucial for motivation. However, people have different needs and the motivational theory implemented by the organisation is necessary to be suitable as per employees requirement. Senior-level executives have to assess the factors which negatively affect employees job satisfaction level and implement strategic policies which address such challenges. Only providing monetary incentives did not improve job satisfaction level of workers. Dissatisfied employees are more likely to promote a negative culture in the organisation which le ads to increasing dissatisfaction with other employees, increase disputes, negative work relationship and others (Tan and Waheed, 2011). Organisational behaviour theories enable managers to evaluate the factors which are affecting the job satisfaction level of employees such as hostile working environment, lack of facilities, rude behaviour of co-workers, and others. However, these factors are directly linked to attitudes and job satisfaction of employees because of these factors resulted in increasing negative attitude and job dissatisfaction of workers which reduce their performance. Impact of Lack of Motivation In recent years, senior level management focuses on understanding employees behaviour at work since it provides them crucial information which assists them in the formulation of strategic business policies. Productive employees with good attitude who behave in a professional manner assist corporations in improving their performance and achieving common organisational objectives (Parvin and Kabir, 2011). Customers often view the behaviour of employees and analyse how top-level management runs the operations of the company. Employees who put extra effort in order to satisfy the demand or requirement of customers are satisfied with their jobs. On the other hand, employees who did not help customers and behave rudely are more likely to be dissatisfied with their job. Therefore, attitude of an employee directly influences the relationship of customers with the company and it also shows how top-level management is managing the firms operations. For example, Tesco PLC implements Hierarchy o f needs theory in order to assess the requirements of each employee and focuses on fulfilling them in order to ensure that workers behave positively with customers and they focus on establishing positive customer relations (Yamuna and Devi, 2016). Attitudes and job satisfaction also affects the performance of employees and overall enterprise. Employees who work with positive attitude at work are more likely to encourage others as well to improve their performance. On the other hand, dissatisfied workers discourage others from performing as well, and they indulge in disputes with others. The bottom line of customer satisfaction is affected whether employees are capable of effectively performing all duties and function of their job (Klassen and Chiu, 2010). In order to assess employees needs and requirements, managers are requiring creating effective communication channels between them which enable them to interact and collect the feedback from employees. The leadership styles of modern CEOs are changing. Instead of focusing on macho and hierarchical styles, leaders focus on authentic and humble for of leaders. The popularity of authentic and humble leadership styles such as servant, charismatic, participatory and Laisse-Faire i s growing rapidly. All these leadership styles focus on analysing employees attitudes and job satisfaction in order to implement strategic policies that improve the firms overall performance (Bushra, Ahmad and Naveed, 2011). However, it is also becoming difficult for leaders to encourage each employee as the size of organisations grows. In multinational companies, leaders face difficulties in managing motivation since they cannot effectively control and interact with employees in different departments. Limitations There are various limitations on this topic as well since management finds a number of difficulties while analysing employees attitude and job satisfaction. Many researchers have provided that implementing effective motivational strategy did not guarantee that it will improve the performance of employees. In case of multinational corporations, it is difficult for managers to assess or interact with each employee in order to determine his/her needs (Aydogdu and Asikgil, 2011). Just fulfilling employees needs did not encourage them to perform better; instead, managers are required to implement a positive working environment which promotes and support team building and open culture. Job satisfaction is a wide term, and it can mean a number of things for a person, therefore, managers cannot just implement an effective strategy to satisfy each employee. However, establishing and nourishing a positive culture which supports employees can establish positive workplace relationships (Truxillo , et al., 2012). It will result in improving the performance of each employee and the entire corporation. Therefore, while formulating motivational strategies, managers should determine the attitudes and job satisfaction of employees since they influence their effectiveness. Conclusion In conclusion, it is crucial for managers to evaluate employees attitudes and job satisfaction since they directly influence the performance of employees and the company. Managers focus on implementing an effective motivational strategy in order to improve the performance of employees such as Herzbergs Motivation-Hygiene theory. Attitude and job satisfaction of employees also influence the effectiveness of motivational theory as well. Employees with a negative attitude are more likely to influence the behaviour and job satisfaction level of other workers as well. The resist and avoid organisational policies which hinder the performance of the corporation as a whole. There are a number of factors which hinders employee motivation such as poor communication channels, lack of focus on employees needs, disputes, negative relationships and others. Negative attitude and job dissatisfaction negatively affect customer satisfaction level which reduces a companys profits. Therefore, it is nece ssary that managers carefully assess employees demands (by using a model such as Hierarchy of needs) and fulfil them in order to motivate them to improve their performance. There are various limitations of this theory as well, such as it did not guarantee that employee performance will be improved. Therefore, managers should evaluate attitude and job satisfaction of employees before implementing a motivational strategy which can assist in improving employees performance and sustaining companys future growth. 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